Expert Group and Independent Authority Statements Related to Radiofrequency (RF) Safety
Over more than 20 years, a significant number of independent authorities have conducted reviews or issued statements on the potential health risks associated with exposure to radiofrequency fields.
In July 2005 the World Health Organization (WHO) said of the many expert reviews:
'To date, all expert reviews on the health effects of exposure to RF fields have reached the same conclusion: There have been no adverse health consequences established from exposure to RF fields at levels below the international guidelines on exposure limits published by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP, 1998).
'The ICNIRP guidelines were developed to limit human exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) under conditions of maximum absorption of the fields, which rarely occurs, and the limits incorporate large safety factors to protect workers and even larger safety factors to protect the general public, including children. Thus, the limits in the ICNIRP guidelines are highly protective and are based on all the available scientific evidence.'
The table below provides a listing summary listing of organisations known to the GSMA as producing relevant reports or statements. The listing started with the UK National Radiological Protection Board, report A Summary of Recent Reports on Mobile Phones and Health (2000-2004), NRPB-W65, January 2005.
Please advise us of any missing reports and we will evaluate for inclusion.
| 2007 | Colombia |
Instalación de Estaciones Radioeléctricas de Telecomunicaciones, Ministry of Communications, 6 March 2007. |
| 2007 | Europe |
Possible effects of Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) on Human Health, Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks (SCENIHR), 21 March 2007 |
| 2007 | France |
Téléphonie mobile (Champs électromagnétiques - radiofréquences), Direction Générale de la Santé, February 2007 |
| 2007 | Ireland |
Health Effects of Electromagnetic Fields, Expert Group on Health Effects of Electromagnetic Fields, Department of Communications, Marine and Natural Resources. March 2007 (PDF) |
| 2007 | Jersey |
Review into the Perceived Health Effects of Mobile Phone Masts, States of Jersey Health, Social Security and Housing Scrutiny Panel, Telephone Mast Review Sub-Panel, 20 April 2007. |
| 2007 | Netherlands |
Electromagnetic Fields: Annual Update 2006, Health Council of the Netherlands. Electromagnetic Fields Committee (publication no. 2007/06, 2007) |
| 2007 | Sweden |
Recent Research on EMF and Health Risks: Fourth annual report from SSI's Independent Expert Group on Electromagnetic Fields, Swedish Radiation Protection Agency , March 2007 (PDF) |
| 2007 | Switzerland |
Hochfrequente Strahlung und Gesundheit. Bewertung von wissenschaftlichen Studien im Niedrigdosisbereich, Bundesamt für Umwelt (BAFU), 2007 (PDF) |
| 2006 | Australia |
Mobile phones, your health and regulation of radiofrequency electromagnetic energy, Australian Communications and Media Authority |
| 2006 | Australia |
|
| 2006 | Germany |
Mobilfunk und Kinder, Strahlenschutzkommission (SSK), December 2006 |
| 2006 | Germany |
Wirkung hochfrequenter Felder auf das Genom: Genotoxizität und Genregulation, Strahlenschutzkommission (SSK), December 2006 |
| 2006 | Hong Kong |
Mobile Phone RF Radiation Safety, Office of the Telecommunications Authority (OFTA) of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (Last updated 9 January 2006) |
| 2006 | Jersey |
Report on Mobile Phones and Health - Mobile Phone Base Stations , The States of Jersey, Department for Health & Social Services, April 2006 |
| 2006 | Pakistan |
Environmental and Health Related Effects of the Cellular Base Station Antennas: Annex A, An advisory report by Ministry of Information Technology, 2006. |
| 2006 | Switzerland |
NIR and health protection in Switzerland: Report (April 2006) and Background Material (January 2006) , Federal Office of Public Health |
| 2006 | UK |
The Possible Harmful Biological Effects of Low-level Electromagnetic Fields of Frequencies up to 300 GHz, Institution of Engineering and Technology Position Statement , May 2006 |
| 2006 | USA |
Cellular Phones, American Cancer Society (Revised 8 February 2006) |
| 2006 | USA |
Cellular Phone Towers, American Cancer Society (Revised 31 January 2006) |
| 2005 | Australia |
Radiation Advisory Committee Annual Report 2005, Victorian government. |
| 2005 | Austria |
Gesichtspunkte zur aktuellen gesundheitlichen Bewertung des Mobilfunks, Empfehlung des Obersten Sanitätsrates, December 2005 |
| 2005 | Europe |
ECP Consensus EMF 2005, European Cancer Prevention Organization, December 2005 |
| 2005 | Europe |
Environment and health, European Environment Agency Report No 10, 2005 |
| 2005 | France |
Téléphonie mobile et santé, Rapport du groupe d’experts, l'Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire Environnementale, April 2005 |
2005 |
Germany |
Risk evaluation of the health effects of mobile phone communication. Results of a scientific dialogue, Mensch Umwelt Technik (MUT), October 2005 |
2005 |
International |
What are electromagnetic fields?, World Health Organization (WHO), 1 July 2005 |
2005 |
Ireland |
Report on Non-ionising radiation from mobile phone handsets and masts, Joint Committee on Communications, Marine and Natural Resources, June 2005 |
2005 |
Netherlands |
Electromagnetic fields: Annual Update 2005, Health Council of the Netherlands, No. 14, November 2005 |
2005 |
Peru |
La Telefonía Móvil y su Salud, El Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Capacitación de Telecomunicaciones (INICTEL), 29 November 2005 |
2005 |
Spain |
Campos electromagnéticos y cáncer: Preguntas y Respuestas, Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer, March 2005 |
2005 |
Sweden |
Recent Research on Mobile Telephony and Health Risks, Third annual report from SSI's Independent Expert Group on Electromagnetic Fields, Swedish Radiation Protection Agency, December 2005 (PDF) |
2005 |
Switzerland |
Electrosmog in the environment, Swiss Agency for the Environment, Forests and Landscape (SAEFL), June 2005. (available in English, French, German and Italian) |
2005 |
UK |
Mobile Phones and Health-an update, British Medical Association, January 2005 |
2005 |
USA |
Mobile Phones and Health Concerns, Federal Communications Commission Consumer Facts, 12 January 2005 |
2004 |
Australia |
Radiation Advisory Committee Annual Report 2004, Victorian government |
2004 |
Austria |
Wissenschaftlicher Beirat Funk, Austria, November 2004 |
2004 |
Canada |
Recent Advances In Research On Radiofrequency Fields And Health: 2001-2003, Royal Society of Canada, 2004 |
2004 |
Europe |
Comments on health and safety of mobile communication equipment and monitoring regulatory policy and development, EMF-Net European Fast Response Team on EMF and Health, 11 November 2005 |
2004 |
International |
Review of the Epidemiologic Literature on RF and Health, ICNIRP (International Commission for Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection) Standing Committee on Epidemiology, Environmental Perspectives, 112(17):1741-1754, December 2004 |
2004 |
Netherlands |
Electromagnetic Fields: Annual Update 2003, Health Council of the Netherlands. Electromagnetic Fields Committee |
2004 |
Netherlands |
Mobile phones and children: Is precaution warranted?, The Electromagnetic Fields Committee, Health Council of the Netherlands, Bioelectromagnetics, 25(2):142-144, February 2004 |
2004 |
New Zealand |
Interagency Advisory Committee on the Health Effects of Electromagnetic Fields: Report to Ministers, November 2004 |
2004 |
Nordic (Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden) |
The Common View by the Nordic Countries on Mobile Telephony and Health, Danish National Board of Health (Sundhedsstyrelsen), Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority of Finland (Säteilyturvakeskus), Icelandic Radiation Protection Institute (Geislavarnir Ríkisins), Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority (Statens strålevern), Swedish Radiation Protection Authority (Statens strålskyddsinstitut), 2004 (PDF) |
2004 |
Spain |
Informe Anuales 2004 del Defensor del Pueblo. (Starting page 997.) |
2004 |
Sweden |
Recent Research on Mobile Telephony and Health Risks, Second annual report from SSI’s Independent Expert Group on Electromagnetic Fields, Swedish Radiation Protection Agency, 20 December 2004 (PDF) |
2004 |
UK |
Mobile Communication Systems, Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), July 2004 (PDF) |
2004 |
UK |
The Possible Harmful Biological Effects of Low-level Electromagnetic Fields of Frequencies up to 300 GHz, Institution of Electrical Engineers (IEE) Policy Advisory Group on the Biological Effects of Low-Level Electromagnetic Fields, May 2004 |
2004 |
UK |
Mobile Phones and Health 2004, National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB), 15(5), 2004. |
2004 |
UK |
Review of the Scientific Evidence for Limiting Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields (0–300 GHz), National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB), 15(3), 2004 |
2004 |
UK |
Advice on Limiting Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields (0–300 GHz), National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB), 15(2), 2004 |
2003 |
Australia |
Electromagnetic energy and its effects, The Committee on Electromagnetic Energy Public Health Issues, Fact Sheet EME Series No 1, November 2003 |
2003 |
Australia |
Radiation Advisory Committee Annual Report 2003, Victorian government |
2003 |
France |
Téléphonie mobile et santé, Rapport à l'Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire Environnementale, 21 March 2003 |
2003 |
Hong Kong |
Know More About Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Radiation, Office of the Telecommunications Authority, 2003 (PDF) |
2003 |
Netherlands |
Health effects of exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields: Recommendations for research, Health Council of the Netherlands, No. 03, February 2003 |
2003 |
Norway |
Mobiltelefon og helse , Rapport fra en ekspertgruppe opprettet etter oppdrag fra Helsedepartementet(PDF) |
2003 |
Spain |
Evaluación Actualizada De Los Campos Electromagnéticos En Relación Con La Salud Pública, Informe Técnico Elaborado Por El Comité De Expertos, Subdirección General de Sanidad Ambiental y Salud Laboral, Dirección General de Salud Pública, Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, 1 September 2003 (PDF) |
2003 |
Spain |
Informe Sobre La Exposición Del Público En General A Las Emisiones Radioeléctricas De Estaciones De Radiocomunicación, Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología, April 2003 |
2003 |
Sweden |
Recent Research on Mobile Telephony and Cancer and Other Selected Biological Effects, First Annual Report from SSI’s Independent Expert Group on Electromagnetic Fields, Swedish Radiation Protection Authority, December 2003 (PDF) |
2003 |
Switzerland |
Hochfrequente Strahlung und Gesundheit, Bundesamt für Umwelt, Wald und Landschaft (BUWAL), Umwelt-Materialien No. 162, 2003 |
2003 |
UK |
Health Effects from Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields, Advisory Group on Non-ionising Radiation (AGNIR), National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB), 14(2), 2003 |
2003 |
USA |
Cell Phone Facts. Consumer Information on Wireless Phones - Questions and Answers, Food and Drug Administration, 29 July 2003 |
2003 |
USA |
Biological Effects of Modulated Radiofrequency Fields, National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP), Commentary No. 18, 2003 |
2002 |
Australia |
Radiation Protection Standard for Maximum exposure levels to radiofrequency fields - 3kHz to 300GHz, Radiation Protection Series No. 3, Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency (ARPANSA), 7 May 2002 |
2002 |
Australia |
Radiation Advisory Committee Annual Report 2002, Victorian government |
2002 |
Canada |
Safety and Safe Use of Cellular Phones, Health Canada Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, 3 December 2002 |
2002 |
Europe |
Opinion on "Effects of electromagnetic fields on health" - Research Priorities, Scientific Committee on Toxicity, Ecotoxicity and the Environment (CSTEE), 17 December 2002 |
2002 |
Europe |
Opinion on "Effects of electromagnetic fields on health"-Thermal and Non-Thermal, Scientific Committee on Toxicity, Ecotoxicity and the Environment (CSTEE), 24 September 2002 |
2002 |
France |
L'incidence éventuelle de la téléphonie mobile sur la santé, Lorrain and Raoul, Office Parlementaire D'Evaluation Des Choix Scientifiques et Technologiques, Rapport 52, 2002-2003 |
2002 |
France |
Télécommunications et Santé : étude bibliographique sur la problématique fréquences et santé (Etude INERIS), de Seze, Vastel, Veyret et Lagroye, November 2002 |
2002 |
International |
Use Of "Protective Devices" For Cellular Telephones, IEEE Committee on Man and Radiation (COMAR), Technical Information Statement, IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine, 21(3):105-106, May/June 2002 |
2002 |
International |
Electromagnetic Hypersensitivity, IEEE Committee on Man and Radiation (COMAR), Technical Information Statement, IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine, 21(5):173-175, September/October 2002 |
2002 |
Italy |
|
2002 |
Malta |
EMF and Human Health - Update to 2000 Report, Scientific Advisory Committee, 26 September 2002 |
2002 |
Netherlands |
Mobile telephones; an evaluation of health effects, Health Council of the Netherlands, 28 January 2002 (PDF) |
2002 |
Sweden |
Epidemiologic Studies of Cellular Telephones and Cancer Risk – A Review, Boice and McLaughlin, Swedish Radiation Protection Authority (SSI), No. 16, September 2002 (PDF) |
2002 |
USA |
Letter Report on Wireless Telecommunications Radiofrequency Safety Issues for Building Owners and Managers, National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP), Scientific Committee, 89-6, 20 December 2002 |
2001 |
Australia |
Inquiry into Electromagnetic Radiation, Senate Environment, Communications, Information Technology and the Arts Committee, 4 May 2001 |
2001 |
Australia |
Radiation Advisory Committee Annual Report 2001, Victorian government |
2001 |
Europe |
Opinion on Possible effects of Electromagnetic Fields (EMF), Radio Frequency Fields (RF) and Microwave Radiation on human health, Scientific Committee on Toxicity, Ecotoxicity and the Environment (CSTEE), 30 October 2001 |
2001 |
France |
Les Telephones Mobiles, Leurs Stations De Base Et La Sante (Rapport Zmirou), 16 January 2001. |
2001 |
Germany |
Grenzwerte und Vorsorgemaßnahmen zum Schutz der Bevölkerung vor elektromagnetischen Feldern, Heft 29, Strahlenschutzkommission (SSK), September 2001 |
2001 |
International |
Review of the Epidemiologic Literature on EMF and Health, ICNIRP (International Commission for Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection), Standing Committee on Epidemiology, Environmental Perspectives 109(S6): pp 911-934, December 2001 (PDF) |
2001 |
Italy |
Radiofrequency waves and childhood leukemia: current status of scientific knowledge with reference to the situation in the Cesano area, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, (Italian/English), 2001 |
2001 |
Japan |
Interim Report by Committee to Promote Research on the Possible Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields, Ministry of Public Management, Home Affairs, Posts and Telecommunications, 30 January 2001 |
2001 |
Malaysia |
Issues on Effect of Base Station Transmitters and Cellular Phones on Human Health, The Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission, 25 April 2001 |
2001 |
Netherlands |
Electromagnetic fields: Annual Update 2001, Health Council of the Netherlands:, No. 14, 22 May 2001. |
2001 |
New Zealand |
Cellsites, National Radiation Laboratory, March 2001 |
2001 |
Singapore |
Electromagnetic Fields And Public Health Health And Safety Guidelines #1, Health Sciences Authority, 16 August 2001 (PDF) |
2001 |
Spain |
Las Recomendaciones relativas a la exposición a campos electromagnéticos del Consejo de la Comunidad Europea de fecha 12 de Julio de 1999 y su ratificación por el Documento emitido por el Comité de Toxicidad de la Comisión Europea en Octubre de 2001, Informe que presenta Antonio Hernando, Catedrático de Magnetismo de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid y Académico Numerario de la Real Academia de Ciencias, October 2001 |
2001 |
Spain |
Emisiones electromagnéticas de telefonía móvil, Colegio Oficial de Ingenieros de Telecomunicación (COIT), 2001 |
2001 |
Spain |
Campos electromagnéticos y Salud Pública, Comité de Expertos Independientes, 2001 |
2001 |
Spain |
Indicaciones Sobre Un Uso Adecuado del Teléfono Móvil and Información Sobre Estaciones Base de Telefonía Móvil, Ministerio de Industria, Turismo Y Comercio, October 2001 |
2001 |
UK |
Mobile Phones and Health: An interim Report, British Medical Association Board of Science and Education, May 2001 |
2001 |
UK |
Possible Health Effects from Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA), Advisory Group on Non-Ionising Radiation (AGNIR), National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB), 12(2), 2001 |
2001 |
USA |
Telecommunications: Research and Regulatory Efforts on Mobile Phones and Health Issues, General Accounting Office, May 2001 |
2000 |
Australia |
Radiation Advisory Committee Annual Report 2000, Victorian government |
2000 |
International |
Safety Issues Associated With Base Stations Used for Personal Wireless Communications, IEEE Committee on Man and Radiation (COMAR), Technical Information Statement, September 2000 |
2000 |
International |
Electromagnetic fields and public health: mobile telephones and their base stations, World Health Organization (WHO) Fact Sheet N°193, June 2000 |
2000 |
Netherlands |
GSM-base stations, Health Council of the Netherlands, No. 16E, 29 June 2000 |
2000 |
Japan |
Measurement of SAR from Mobile Phone Terminals and Other Terminals that are Intended for Use in Close Proximity to the Side of the Head, Telecommunications Technology Council Report, Deliberation No.118, 2000 |
2000 |
Malta |
Report On Recommendations For Limiting Human Exposure To Time-Varying Electric, Magnetic And Electromagnetic Fields In The Frequency Range From 0 Hz To 300 GHz, Ad hoc Inter-departmental Committee with Representatives of the Ministry for Transport and Communications, Ministry of Health and Ministry for Social Policy, 25 August 2000 |
2000 |
Sweden |
Electromagnetic hypersensitivity and health risks from electric and magnetic fields, Swedish Council for Work Life Research, November 2000 |
2000 |
UK |
Mobile Phones and Health, Independent Expert Group on Mobile Phones (IEGMP – Stewart Report), 28 April 2000 |
2000 |
USA |
A Local Government Official's Guide to Transmitting Antenna RF Emission Safety: Rules, Procedures, and Practical Guidance, Local and State Government Advisory Committee and the Federal Communications Commission, 2 June 2000 |
1999 |
Australia |
Radiation Advisory Committee Annual Report 1999, Victorian government |
1999 |
Canada |
Limits of Human Exposure to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields in the Frequency Range from 3 kHz to 300 GHz, Safety Code 6, Health Canada, 1999 |
1999 |
Canada |
A Review of the Potential Health Risks of Radiofrequency Fields from Wireless Telecommunication Devices, Royal Society of Canada, March 1999 (PDF). |
1999 |
Europe |
On the limitation of exposure of the general public to electromagnetic fields (0 Hz to 300 GHz), European Council Recommendation, 12 July 1999. |
1999 |
UK |
Mobile Phones and Health, Third Report Scientific Advisory System, House of Commons Science and Technology Select Committee. |
1999 |
UK |
1998 ICNIRP Guidelines for Limiting Exposure to Time-Varying Electric, Magnetic and Electromagnetic Fields (up to 300 GHz): NRPB Advice on Aspects of Implementation in the UK, National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB), 10(2), 1999 |
1999 |
USA |
Questions and Answers about Biological Effects and Potential Hazards of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields, Federal Communications Commission, OET Bulletin, Number 56, Fourth Edition, August 1999 |
1998 |
Australia |
Radiation Advisory Committee Annual Report 1998, Victorian government |
1998 |
Europe |
Opinion on possible health effects from exposure to electromagnetic fields (0 Hz- 300 GHz), Scientific Steering Committee of the European Commission, 25-26 June 1998 |
1998 |
International |
Guidelines for Limiting Exposure to Time-Varying Electric, Magnetic, and Electromagnetic Fields (up to 300 GHz), International Commission for Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP), Health Physics 74(4):494-522, April 1998 (PDF) |
1997 |
Australia |
Radiation Advisory Committee Annual Report 1997, Victorian government |
1997 |
Canada |
Safety of Exposure to Radiofrequency Fields - Frequently Asked Questions, Health Canada |
1997 |
Japan |
Radio-Radiation Protection Guidelines for Human Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields, Telecommunications Technology Council Report No. 89, 24 April 1997. (Excerpts published in Measurement of SAR from Mobile Phone Terminals and Other Terminals that are Intended for Use in Close Proximity to the Side of the Head, Telecommunications Technology Council Report, Deliberation No.118, 2000) |
1997 |
Europe |
Possible health implications of subjective symptoms and electromagnetic fields, A report prepared by a European group of experts for the European Commission, DG V, No. 19, 1997 |
1997 |
USA |
Evaluating Compliance With FCC Guidelines for Human Exposure to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields, Federal Communications Commission, OET Bulletin Number 65, August 1997 |
1996 |
Australia |
Radiation Advisory Committee Annual Report 1996, Victorian government |
1996 |
Europe |
Possible Health Effects Related to the Use of Radiotelephones, European Commission Expert Group, European Commission 1996. (Summary published as:Possible health effects related to the use of radiotelephones, Radiation Protection Dosimetry, AF McKinlay, 72(3-4):313-320, 1997) |
1996 |
International |
Health Issues Related to the Use of Hand-Held Radiotelephones and Base Transmitters, International Commission for Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP), Health Physics, 70(4):587-593, April 1996 (PDF) |
1995 |
International |
Human Exposure to Microwaves and Other Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields, IEEE Committee on Man and Radiation (COMAR), Technical Information Statement, IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine 14(3):336-337, May/June 1995 |
1995 |
USA |
Summary and Results of the April 26-27, 1993 Radiofrequency Radiation Conference. Volume 1: Analysis of Panel Discussions (60 pages) and Volume 2: Papers (119 pages). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA-402-R-95-011, March 1995. Available from www.ntis.gov |
1994 |
Australia |
CSIRO Report on the Status of Research on the Biological Effects and Safety of Electromagnetic Radiation: Telecommunications Frequencies, CSIRO Division of Radiophysics, June 1994 |
1994 |
UK |
Electromagnetic Fields and the Risk of Cancer: Supplementary Report, Advisory Group on Non-Ionising Radiation (AGNIR), National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB), 5(2), 1994 |
1994 |
USA |
Telecommunications: Status of Research on the Safety of Cellular Telephones, General Accounting Office, GAO/RCED-95-32, November 1994 |
1993 |
New Zealand |
Radiation Health Handbook, National Radiation Laboratory, Ministry of Health, November 1993 (PDF) |
1993 |
UK |
Restrictions on Human Exposure to Static and Time-Varying Electromagnetic Fields and Radiation, National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB), 4(5), 1993 |
1993 |
USA |
A Practical Guide to the Determination of Human Exposure to Radiofrequency Fields, National Council for Radiation Protection (NCRP), No. 119, 1993 |
1992 |
International |
Electromagnetic fields (300 Hz to 300 GHz), World Health Organization, Environmental Health Criteria No. 137, 1993 |
1992 |
UK |
Electromagnetic Fields and the Risk of Cancer: Report of an Advisory Group on Non-Ionising Radiation, National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB), 3(1), 1992 |
1990 |
Japan |
Radio-Radiation Protection Guidelines for Human Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields, Telecommunications Technology Council Report No. 38, 25 June 1990. (Excerpts published in Measurement of SAR from Mobile Phone Terminals and Other Terminals that are Intended for Use in Close Proximity to the Side of the Head, Telecommunications Technology Council Report, Deliberation No.118, 2000) |
1986 |
USA |
Biological Effects and Exposure Criteria for Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields, National Council for Radiation Protection (NCRP), No. 86, 1986 |
1984 |
USA |
Biological Effects of Radiofrequency Radiation, J.A. Elder and D.F. Cahill, editors. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA-600/8-83-026F, 268 pages, September 1984. |
1981 |
USA |
|
1979 |
Australia |
|
1978 |
Australia |
The biological effects of microwave radiation - a review, Australian Radiation Laboratory (ARL) now Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency (ARPANSA), TR002, August 1978 |