Compliance Standards/Guidelines
Compliance standards describe the methods to be used to determine that exposures from wireless antennas or mobile devices are less than the recommended exposure limits.
In cases were the source is distant from the human body free-field exposure measurement methods can be used and limits are specified in units such as volts per meter (V/m).
When the radio transmitter is used close to the head or body the method uses robot positioned measurement probes in phantom humans containing tissue simulating liquids and limits are specified in terms of the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) with units of watts per kilogram (W/kg).
Human exposure to radio frequency fields from hand-held and body-mounted wireless communication devices - Human models, instrumentation, and procedures - Part 1: Procedure to determine the specific absorption rate (SAR) for hand-held devices used in close proximity to the ear (frequency range of 300 MHz to 3 GHz), 62209-1 - Ed. 1.0, International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), 18 February 2005
Measurement of exposure to radio-frequency electromagnetic fields - Field strength in the frequency range 100 kHz to 1 GHz, 61566 Ed.1.0, International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), 17 June 2006
Guidance to measurement and numerical prediction of electromagnetic fields for compliance with human exposure limits for telecommunication installations, International Telecommunications Union (ITU) Recommendation K.61 (09/03)
Measuring Non-Ionising Electromagnetic Radiation (9 kHz - 300 GHz), Electronic Communications Committee (ECC), Recommendation (02)04