Page last updated: 31/05/07
Low powered radio signals are used to transmit information between portable devices and a network of antenna sites or base stations.
Handset powers are continuously adjusted to operate at the lowest level possible by taking account of the type of service (voice or data) and the quality of the radio link between the handset and nearby antenna sites.
The measure of human exposure is the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) with units of Watts per kilogram (W/kg). The SAR is determined at the highest certified power level in laboratory conditions, however, the actual SAR level of the phone while operating can be well below this value.
SAR Information, Mobile Manufacturers Forum (MMF), accessed 5 September 2006
Human exposure to radio frequency fields from hand-held and body-mounted wireless communication devices - Human models, instrumentation, and procedures - Part 1: Procedure to determine the specific absorption rate (SAR) for hand-held devices used in close proximity to the ear (frequency range of 300 MHz to 3 GHz), 62209-1 - Ed. 1.0, International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), 18 February 2005
Output power levels from mobile phones in different geographical areas; implications for exposure assessment, Lönn, Forssén, P Vecchia, Ahlbom and Feychting, Occupational and Environmental Medicine 61(9):769-772, September 2004
Analysis of the influence of the power control and discontinuous transmission on RF exposure with GSM mobile phones, Wiart, Dale, Bosisio and Le Cornec, IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 42(4):376-385, November 2000
Guidelines for Limiting Exposure to Time-Varying Electric, Magnetic, and Electromagnetic Fields (up to 300 GHz), International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP), Health Physics 74(4):494-522, April 1998