Browse resources by topic (where applicable), region or type, such as case studies, presentations, research and white papers
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
MMU 2012 Annual Report
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
eWallet Merchant Payments: GSMA Discussion Paper
With P2P, bill pay and airtime top ups still representing the vast majority of mobile money transactions today, mobile money service providers are keen to broaden their product offering. Merchant payments, a proximate payment from a consumer to a business at the point of sale, is an eWallet product extension frequently discussed of late.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Expanding the Ecosystem of Mobile Money: Considerations for Interoperability
In this note, we discuss interoperability in broad terms as the interconnection of mobile money services with external parties, with the aim to create value for both customers and commercial players.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Designing and delivering effective agent training programmes – MMU Webinar
Agent training is a powerful lever to drive agent performance. This week, MMU held a webinar to dialogue with mobile money managers about how to design and implement impactful and cost effective trainings.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Organisational Design to Succeed in Mobile Money
In an attempt to understand why certain mobile money programs prosper, Mobile Money for the Unbanked (MMU) has researched and developed best practice publications on a range of operational areas – including building well-functioning agent networks, driving customer usage, and fostering effective bank partnerships.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Managing the Risk of Fraud in Mobile Money
Risk management is a key component to the commercial success of any business. Effective risk management underlies sustainable commercial growth because it protects two key commercial assets: reputation and revenue.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Designing & Delivering Agent Training for Mobile Money Deployments
The ability of mobile money agents to smoothly deliver cash and e-money to customers has major bearing on the success of a mobile money service. To drive high level agent performance, training is one of the more powerful levers available. Well trained agents are more likely to drive transaction volumes for the operator, educate the customers on how the service works and deliver error free transactions.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Emerging Practices in Mobile Microinsurance
The objective of this paper is to outline the opportunities for leveraging the mobile channel, including mobile money, to deliver microinsurance, and to share examples of attempts to do so from around the world. We hope that readers from both the mobile industry and the insurance industry will find in these pages new ideas for collaboration that will make risk-management tools available to those who most need them.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Marketing Mobile Money: Top 3 Challenges
In this presentation, Yasmina McCarty discusses the top 3 challenges associated with the marketing of mobile money services for the unbanked: 1) Segmenting the market appropriately, 2) Understanding the customer journey, and 3) developing the right marketing mix.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Protecting the poor: A microinsurance compendium Volume II
Low-income households are vulnerable to risks and economic shocks. One way for the poor to protect themselves is through insurance. By helping low income households manage risk, microinsurance can assist them to maintain a sense of financial confidence even in the face of significant vulnerability.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
State of the Industry: Results from the 2011 Global Mobile Money Adoption Survey
The mobile money industry, as measured by the number of deployments around the world, has grown rapidly. As of April 2012, there were 123 that offered basic financial services to customers. But the number of customers who are actually using these services has been difficult for anyone to ascertain.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
CGAP Landscape Study on International Remittances through Mobile Money
CGAP’s Technology & Business Model Innovation Program commissioned Dalberg Global Development Advisors to conduct a ‘refresh’ on an earlier landscaping study for international remittances through mobile money.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Kenya’s Mobile Revolution and the Promise of Mobile Savings
The mobile revolution has transformed the lives of Kenyans, providing not just communications but also basic financial access in the form of phone-based money transfer and storage, led by the M-PESA system introduced in 2007. Currently, 93 percent of Kenyans are mobile phone users and 73 percent are mobile money customers.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Managing the Risk of Mobile Banking Technologies
The rapid take-up and potential scale of new offerings has led to increased interest from mobile Fin. Services Providers (mFSP), both banks and non-banks, and regulators in managing risks.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Regulating Mobile Money: 4 Areas of Focus
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Mobile Money: Getting to Scale in Emerging Markets
More than a billion people in emerging and developing markets have cell phones but no bank accounts. It’s generally too expensive for banks to place retail branches and ATMs in poorer areas, particularly those that are rural and sparsely populated, and the services such outlets offer usually don’t meet the needs of lower-income customers anyway. The informal networks through which low-income people do store and transfer money have high transaction costs and are prone to theft. mobile money is beginning to fill this gap by offering financial services over mobile phones, from simple person-to-person transfers to more complex banking services. To date, there have been more than 100 mobile e-money deployments in emerging markets; at least 84 of them originated in the past three years.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
The case for interoperability: Assessing the value that the interconnection of mobile money services would create for customers and operators
In this article, we ask whether there is a case for interconnecting mobile money services. To answer the question, we start by evaluating the extent to which customers are likely to value the ability to transact across networks.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Branchless and Mobile Banking Solutions for the Poor: A Survey of the Literature
Reviews the emerging literature on the definitions and model taxonomies employed in mobile banking; the status and drivers of global adoption of these schemes; the take-up and usage patterns of customers and their socio-economic impact; and, finally, regulatory issues.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Mobile Water Payment Innovations in Urban Africa
This report examines the impacts and implications of mobile water payments from Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania and Zambia. Evidence from 20 urban water service providers serving over 12.5 million customers is evaluated against the deployment strategies of mobile network operators and the responses of national water service regulators.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Leveraging Information and Communication Technology for the Base Of the Pyramid
The focus of this study is the tremendous opportunities that Information and Communication Technology (ICT) offers to provide access to essential services, such as education, healthcare, agro-services or financial services to the BOP.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Water Delivery through Payment Platform – M-PESA Pushes the Rural Frontier
This paper examines the use of M-PESA’s payment system as it is combined with the Grundfos LIFELINK water delivery system to provide access to a safe source of water.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
M-PESA and Access to Health in Kenya
This study focuses on the current role of M-PESA in facilitating access to health services in Kenya and explores the potential that exists for the M-PESA platform to increase access to health.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Kenya Case Study: Linking Mobile Banking And Mobile Payment Platforms To Credit Bureau
Mobile transaction data may potentially help this population establish a formal credit history, help lenders more accurately evaluate credit risk, and lead to increased access to financial services for the poor.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Microsave Briefing Note 116: Building Business Models for Mobile Money
This Note uses a business model framework and some concepts co-created by practitioners in an online community called the business model innovation hub, to understand and assess the mobile banking business.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Haiti Mobile Money: A Point-in-Time Case Study
This case study examines the evolution of mobile money in Haiti and identifies the factors necessary for the market’s continued growth, sustainability and financial inclusiveness.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
IFC Mobile Money Study 2011 – Summary
IFC Mobile Money Study was developed to increase understanding of mobile money and help address key issues in scaling up further development of m-money ecosystems globally.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
IFC Mobile Money Study 2011 – Brazil
IFC Mobile Money Study was developed to increase understanding of mobile money and help address key issues in scaling up further development of m-money ecosystems globally. It looks at the technology required and the business models used by mobile network operators, banks, and others in Brazil.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
IFC Mobile Money Study 2011 – Nigeria
IFC Mobile Money Study was developed to increase understanding of mobile money and help address key issues in scaling up further development of m-money ecosystems globally. It looks at the technology required and the business models used by mobile network operators, banks, and others in Nigeria.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
IFC Mobile Money Study 2011 – Thailand
IFC Mobile Money Study was developed to increase understanding of mobile money and help address key issues in scaling up further development of m-money ecosystems globally. It looks at the technology required and the business models used by mobile network operators, banks, and others in Thailand.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Women Entrepreneurs in Mobile Retail Channels: Empowering Women, Driving Growth
In this report, we investigate the gender composition of the ‘mobile value chain’ (MVC) in 11 different markets around the world. We examine the current level of women’s participation in the MVC and the benefits of such participation both for MNOs and for women entrepreneurs.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Using Mobile Money, Mobile Banking to Enhance Agriculture in Africa
This paper provides a brief overview of mobile money and explains the basics of such services; their current and potential use for agriculture related projects.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Policing Financial Services Surveying the Anti-Money Laundering Regulatory Regime
The paper provides an overview of what AML standards mean for public institutions and highlights challenges that have surfaced to date.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Financial Regulators and the Gateway to Financial Inclusion
Claire Alexandre from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation examines the initiatives that have been created worldwide to promote financial inclusion.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Mobile Banking and Financial Inclusion: The Regulatory Lessons
This paper sets out a framework for considering the design of regulation of mobile banking and mobile money.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Zap It to Me: The Short-Term Impacts of a Mobile Cash Transfer Program
By Jenny C. Aker, Rachid Boumnijel, Amanda McClelland, and Niall Tierney. This paper reports on the first randomized evaluation of a cash transfer program delivered via the mobile phone. In response to a devastating drought in Niger, households in targeted villages received monthly cash transfers as part of a social protection program.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Cash In, Cash Out Kenya:The Role of M-PESA in the Lives of Low Income People
By Monique Cohen. Using a Financial Diaries methodology, Microfinance Opportunities undertook a study to examine how low-income Kenyans use M-PESA, the country’s pioneering e-money service. The study focused on: the value of M-PESA to low-income individuals; the most likely areas for M-PESA’s future growth; and whether M-PESA can serve as a platform for financial services beyond remittances.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Opportunities and Obstacles to Financial Inclusion Survey Report
The survey is intended to provoke dialogue about what financial inclusion is and how to achieve it. It identifies the various pieces needed to complete the puzzle, in the confidence that those working toward financial inclusion can together take actions that will substantially reduce financial exclusion by the year 2020.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Savings as Forward Payments: Innovations on Mobile Money Platforms
This paper presents a new framework which allows people to manage their diverse payment, cashflow management and commitment savings needs simply and intuitively, from a single account. It builds on the logic of mobile money platforms, which provide customers with the ability to initiate real-time electronic payments from their mobile phone and to keep funds in a store-of-value account.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Diary of a Mobile Money Program e-Book Two: Beneficiary Financial Diaries – In their Own Words
MercyCorp’s e-Book 2 moves beyond initial program insights from the pilot phase to share the experiences of individual usage of mobile money as expressed by program beneficiaries themselves. Drawing on information collected from beneficiary financial diaries, they take an intimate look at the financial lives of these vulnerable rural communities as a mobile money ecosystem is building around them and present a detailed overview of their perceptions, patterns, and preferences, as described by them.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Risk Sharing and Transaction Costs: Evidence from Kenya’s Mobile Money Revolution
By William Jack and Tavneet Suri. This paper estimates the impact of M-PESA transaction cost reductions on informal risk sharing using data from a large panel survey conducted between 2008 and 2010. The authors find that households without access to mobile money suffer about 7 percent reductions in consumption when faced with negative income shocks, but those with access to mobile money are able to smooth the effects of these income shocks completely.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
A Financial Analysis of Mobile Money Services
This paper develops a financial reporting framework to identify (and quantify) operating costs associated with delivering mobile financial services to unbanked populations in emerging markets. The framework is based on a review of relevant literature and an analysis of the financial reporting of conventional money transfer businesses.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Mobile Banking: The Impact of M-Pesa in Kenya
By Isaac Mbiti and David N. Weil. Analyses data from two waves of individual data on financial access in Kenya, finding that increased use of M-Pesa lowers the propensity of people to use informal savings mechanisms such as ROSCAS, but raises the probability of their being banked. While we find little evidence that people use their M-Pesa accounts as a place to store wealth, our results suggest that M-Pesa improves individual outcomes by promoting banking and increasing transfers.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Demand Study of Domestic Payments in the Philippines
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Mobile Money in Latin America A case study of Tigo Paraguay
This case study provides a summary of the Paraguayan mobile financial ecosystem, highlighting the favourable conditions which have contributed to the development of Mobile Money.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Evaluación de las capacidades de las entidades microfinancieras del Perú para el despliegue de servicios financieros móviles”
El proyecto ha tenido por objeto estimar las brechas actualmente existentes en el seno de las entidades microfinancieras peruanas asociadas a ASOMIF para una efectiva adopción del nuevo marco regulatorio que próximamente será adoptado por las autoridades financieras del país en favor del uso masivo de la tecnología celular para la provisión de servicios financieros accesibles a una mayoría, hoy desatendida o subatendida, de la población peruana.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
MMU 2011 Annual Report
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
On harnessing the potential of financial inclusion
The paper describes one commercially viable initiative in more detail, M-PESA in Kenya, and analyses in detail the transactions involved. It argues that in order to harness the potential of financial inclusion it is vital to permit experimentation with different business models. Regulation is therefore required that enables such experimentation by being calibrated to the type of service offered, but which can be tightened if and when such schemes become bigger with the potential to impact financial stability: risk-proportionate regulation by service type.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
An Emerging Platform: From Money Transfer System to Mobile Money Ecosystem
By Jake Kendall, Philip Machoka, Clara Veniard, and Bill Maurer. While it has often been described as a money transfer product, when mobile money reaches scale it can also be seen as a network infrastructure and platform facilitating the exchange of cash and electronic value between various economic actors including clients, businesses, the government, and financial service providers. In this paper, we document what may be the early stages of just such a transformation in the market for retail financial services in Kenya, where the M-PESA mobile money product has achieved the scale necessary to form an infrastructure backbone to the financial system.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Putting the Banking in Branchless Banking: Regulation and the Case for Interest-Bearing and Insured E‑money Savings Accounts
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
The Mobile Financial Services Development Report 2011
Providing a comprehensive analysis of more than 100 variables across 20 countries in Africa, Latin America and Asia, the aim of the report is to build consensus on which drivers are the most important and how they should be measured. It proposes a taxonomy and analytic tool for further analysis.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
ICT, Financial Inclusion, and Growth: Evidence from African Countries
This paper studies the impact of information and communication technologies (ICT), especially mobile phone rollout, on economic growth in a sample of African countries from 1988 to 2007. Further, it investigates whether financial inclusion is one of the channels through which mobile phone development influences economic growth.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Mobile Money Use in Uganda: A Preliminary Study
By Ali Ndiwalana, Olga Morawczynski, and Oliver Popov. Study of mobile money users in Uganda across 3 MNOs. Besides understanding current usage of mobile money, explores different daily financial transactions of respondents.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Mobile Money Transfers and Usage among Micro- and Small Businesses in Tanzania
By Lennart Bångens & Björn Söderberg. This paper is the result of an effort to analyse how, and to what extent, financial transactions over mobile networks are being used by micro- and small-sized enterprises (MSEs) in Tanzania for business purposes.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Mobile Money Definitions
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Case Study: UBL Pakistan Supports Cash Transfer Payments
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Agent Management Toolkit: Building a Viable Network of Branchless Banking Agents
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Insurance & Technology to Better Serve Emerging Consumers
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Diary of A Mobile Money Program (Haiti) e-Book One: From Planning Phase to Pilot Launch
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Driving customer usage of mobile money for the unbanked
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Mapping and Effectively Structuring Operator-Bank Relationships to Offer Mobile Money for the Unbanked
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Beyond Payments – Next Generation Mobile Banking for the Masses
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Regulatory Impact on Business Model Choice
Gives an overview of which business models are a given option for the individual mobile operator depending on the regulatory situation in the country of interest.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
M-Banking: Oportunidades y barreras para el desarollo de servicios financieros en America Latina
By Álvaro Martín Enríquez, Santiago Fernández de Lis, Verónica López Sabater and Ignacio Rodríguez Téubal. This report investigates emerging models and trajectories of development in m-payments and m-banking in the Latin American context.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Half the World is Unbanked
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Financial Education: A Bridge between Branchless Banking and Low-Income Clients
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Branchless Banking Agents in Brazil: Building Viable Networks
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Building, Incentivising and Managing a Network of Mobile Money Agents: A Handbook for Mobile Network Operators
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Bridging the Cash: The Retail End of M-PESA
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
The Economics of M-PESA: An Update
By William Jack and Tavneet Suri.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Window on the Unbanked: Mobile Money in the Philippines
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Nonbank E-Money Issuers: Regulatory Approaches to Protecting Customer Funds
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Migration and Remittances Fact Book 2011
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Is there Really any Money in Mobile Money?
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Commitments to Save: A Field Experiment in Rural Malawi
By Lasse Brune, Xavier Giné, Jessica Goldberg and Dean Yang.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
The Economics of Branchless Banking
Agent distribution and the economics of branchless banking is a topic of great importance. Originally published in Innovations, a quarterly journal published by MIT Press, Ignacio’s article offers a definition of branchless banking and a great deal of detail around the economic drivers.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
USAID Mobile Financial Services Risk Matrix
Detailed analysis of the various risks involved in the different models of mobile financial services, as viewed from each of the key stakeholders involved in these transactions. The research was undertaken in collaboration with Booz Allen, the Kenya School of Monetary Studies, the research and training arm of the Central Bank of Kenya, and involved discussions with various stakeholders around the globe including the GSMA and CGAP.”
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Community Level Economic Effects of M-PESA in Kenya: Initial Findings
Download: English
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Mobile Money: Methodology for Assessing Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing Risks
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Three Keys to M-PESA’s Success: Branding, Channel Management and Pricing
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
True Money and M-PESA: Two Unique Paths to Scale
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
A Penny Saved: How Do Savings Accounts Help the Poor?
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
It’s time to address the microsavings challenge, scalably
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Hand‐held Doctors and Mobile Premium Payments: How Technology can Improve Insurance for the Poor
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
M-Insurance: The Next Wave of Mobile Financial Services?
By Jeremy Leach.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Notes From The Field: The Emerging Effects of M-PESA’s Rural Outreach at the Household Level
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Mobile Phones and Economic Development in Africa
By Jenny C. Aker and Isaac M. Mbiti. From Journal of Economic Perspectives, Volume 24, Number 3, Summer 2010, pp. 207–232.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Capturing the promise of mobile banking in emerging markets
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Protecting Branchless Banking Consumers: Policy Objectives and Regulatory Options
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Outreach of M-PESA System in Kenya: Emerging Trends
By Sherri Haas, Megan G. Plyler, and Geetha Nagarajan.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Micro e-payments and low-cost schooling in Kenya
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Mobile Payments Go Viral: M-PESA in Kenya
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Scaling Mobile Money
By Ignacio Mas and Dan Radcliffe.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Branchless Banking 2010: Who’s Served? At What Price? What’s Next?
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Reframing Microfinance: Enabling Small Savings and Payments, Everywhere
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Regulation and Supervision of Branchless Banking in Latin America
In the evolving and expanding field of branchless banking, the view from Latin America includes a wide range of country-by-country experiences. While the region is a mix of novices and market leaders, with varying degrees of penetration of financial services and differing approaches to models, the prospects are certainly promising. There is growing interest among regulators and providers across the region to increase financial access for low-income and remote users in their countries.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Is Mobile Banking More Hype than Reality?
Branchless banking, including mobile phone banking, could be the primary channel for poor people to get basic financial services by the year 2020. So says “Scenarios for Branchless Banking in 2020, a new report from CGAP and the U.K.’s Department for International Development (DFID). The report is the product of a six month scenario-building project that engaged nearly 200 leaders from the fields of technology and finance from more than 30 countries.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Converting cash into electronic money: A Philippines story
By Xavier Faz. Merchants in the Philippines are finding they have the capacity and the interest to offer financial services to consumers as a new line of business. However, in order for these new ventures to succeed, a network of providers will need to be selected, and issues such as cash management, investment levels, large loan disbursement capability, profitability, and aGlobalt network management will need to be addressed.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Scenarios for Branchless Banking in 2020
By Mark Pickens, David Porteous, and Sarah Rotman. CGAP and DFID undertook a scenario-building project trying to answer the question “How can government and private sector most affect the uptake of branchless banking by 2020?
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Seeking Fertile Grounds for Mobile Money
By Amrik Heyer and Ignacio Mas.In the wake of mobile money featuring on the cover of The Economist, many are surely asking where the next success story will come from. In this article, Ignacio Mas and Amrik Heyer analyse the environmental dynamics affecting the uptake of mobile money. The authors demonstrate that aside from strong strategy and good business models, the uptake of financial services in developing countries is dependent on the extent of market penetration and the political environments in which they take root.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
A closer look at ZAP in East Africa
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
The GSMA’s Mobile Money Business Model Framework
Framework to help MNOs to think through what is required for a successful mobile money deployment – what are the key stages and what do they need to consider in order to achieve success?
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Branchless Banking Regulation in Indonesia
Only 50 percent of Indonesian citizens have a bank account with a formal financial institution, according to recent World Bank estimates. However, that headline statistic conceals an important detail within the data: only 20–34 percent of rural households have access to banking services.
Download: English
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
M-PESA: Connecting Urban and Rural Communities
In Kenya, there is little doubt that mobile banking has been broadly welcomed by millions of people who use their mobile phones to access financial services that previously were out of reach. However, there are surprisingly little publicly available data on how mobile banking is changing the lives of the nearly 7 million customers who together transfer nearly US$2 million a day through Kenya’s M-PESA service.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Diagnostic Report on the Legal and Regulatory Environment for Branchless Banking in El Salvador
Findings and recommendations as a result of a branchless banking policy and regulatory diagnostic carried out in 2008 in El Salvador.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Branchless Banking Policy Diagnostic for Mexico
Findings and recommendations as a result of a branchless banking policy and regulatory diagnostic carried out in 2008 in Mexico.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Mobile Banking in Tanzania: Can Kenya's success be replicated next door?
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Breaking out of Branches: Continuing evolution of the Mexican banking sector
In 2008, Mexico joined an increasing number of countries that permit and regulate systems known as correspondent or branchless banking. However, in Mexico, a continuing debate over certain regulatory details could temper outreach to clients. Banks in Mexico have been using Globalts in a limited way for years, and the underlying regulatory framework has changed significantly over time.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Mobile Banking: From Concept to Reality
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
The Role of Mobile Operators in Expanding Access to Finance
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
South Africa: Mobile banking reaches beyond the city
Globally, there are only a few examples of successful banking services that reach poor people in remote areas. Working with the CGAP Technology Program, WIZZIT, a division of the South Africaican Bank of Athens Limited, will demonstrate how the reach of such services can be expanded with mobile technology and local aGlobalts who handle cash.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Protecting the poor: A microinsurance compendium
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Accelerating Financial Inclusion through Innovative Channels
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
What makes a Successful Mobile Money Implementation? Learnings from M-PESA in Kenya and Tanzania
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
International Remittance Service Providers
An overview of mobile International Remittance Service Provider service offerings.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Mobile Money for the Unbanked Quarterly Report 2009
Communicates the progress of the GSMA MMU initiatve as well as provide significant reserach into key mobile money issues.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Consumer Protection a Key Issue for Branchless Banking
In recent years, a host of developing countries have issued regulations governing mobile transactions, e-money, and other aspects of branchless banking to aid in securely extending financial services to more citizens.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
The Key to Successful Mobile Banking Services
A thriving network of aGlobalts is vital to the success of any branchless banking business model. However, building and sustaining an aGlobalt network has proven to be challenging for branchless banking pioneers, particularly in the mobile banking space. In a survey of two of the fastest growing mobile banking networks serving poor people – M-PESA in Kenya and G cash in the Philippines – CGAP found that providers have successfully established large agent Networks, but they continue to face difficulties in building a profitable model.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
What you don’t know about M-PESA
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Financial Access 2009: Measuring Access to Financial Services around the World
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Mobile Phones and Financial Services in Developing Countries: A Review of Concepts, Methods, Issues, Evidence and Future Research Directions
By Richard Duncombe and Richard Boateng.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
M-PESA: Mobile Money for the "Unbanked" - Turning Cellphones into 24-Hour Tellers in Kenya
By Nick Hughes and Susie Lonie.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Expanding the Financial Services Frontier: Lessons from Mobile Phone Banking in Kenya
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Mobile-Banking Adoption and Usage by Low-Literate, Low-Income Users in the Developing World
By Indrani Medhi, Aishwarya Ratan, and Kentaro Toyama.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Exploring Trust in Mobile Banking Transactions: The Case of M-PESA in Kenya
By Olga Morawczynski and Gianluca Miscione.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
The Role of Partnerships and Strategic Alliances to Promote Mobile Phone Banking at the Bottom of the Pyramid
By John Owens, MicroSave Briefing Note # 68.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
M-Banking: The key to building credit history for the poor?
Mobile transaction data may potentially help this population establish a formal credit history, help lenders more accurately evaluate credit risk, and lead to increased access to financial services for the poor.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Notes on Regulating Branchless Banking in Colombia
Findings and recommendations as a result of a branchless banking policy and regulatory diagnostic carried out in 2008 in Colombia.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Branchless Banking: Testing remote access models for Southern African countries
Review of 30 models of remote access banking initiatives from around the world with the purpose of identifying models that might work in Southern Africa.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Is m-banking advancing access to basic banking services in South Africa?
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Notes on Regulating Branchless Banking in the Philippines
Findings and recommendations as a result of a branchless banking policy and regulatory diagnostic carried out in 2008 in the Phillipines.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Developing Mobile Money Ecosystems
Summary of May’s 2008 Mobile Money Summit in Cairo.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Mobile Banking to Transform Microfinance
With the right market conditions, mobile banking could reach large numbers of poor people who are outside the formal financial system, predicts a new report from CGAP, the global microfinance body. “The Early Experience with Branchless Banking” is based on the research and observations of CGAP’s work in technology and microfinance.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Notes on Regulating Branchless Banking in Russia
Findings and recommendations as a result of a branchless banking policy and regulatory diagnostic carried out in 2008 in Russia.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Finance for All? Policies and Pitfalls in Expanding Access
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Banking on Mobiles: Why, How, for Whom?
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Banking through Networks of Retail Agents
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Surviving in the Dual System: How M-PESA is Fostering Urban-to-Rural Remittances in a Kenyan Slum
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Notes on Regulating Branchless Banking in Brazil
Findings and recommendations as a result of a branchless banking policy and regulatory diagnostic carried out in 2007 in Brazil.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Notes on Regulating Branchless Banking in South Africa
The findings and recommendations as a result of a branchless banking policy and regulatory diagnostic carried out in 2008 in South Africa.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Understanding Financial Regulation And How It Works
Gives an overview of financial regulation AMC/KYC in the context of MMT
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Notes on Regulating Branchless Banking in India
Findings and recommendations as a result of a branchless banking policy and regulatory diagnostic carried out in 2007 in India.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
The Potential for Mobile Banking in Zambia
Aims to assess if the mobile phone has any additive or transformational potential in Zambia.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Notes on Regulation of Branchless Banking in Kenya
Notes on Regulating Branchless Banking in Kenya
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Measuring the Potential for Mobile Phone Banking
This paper uses information from the FinScope™ Zambia survey to assess the extent to which mobile phones may have transformational or additive potential in Zambia.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Mobile Banking Technology Options
An overview of the different mobile banking technology options, and their impact on the mobile banking market.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
The Transformational Potential of M-Transactions
Contributes to thinking about potential social and economic impact of m-transactions, addressing some of the drivers of current activity and looking at various related policy aspect
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Notes on Regulation of Branchless Banking in Pakistan
In Pakistan findings and recommendations as a result of a branchless banking policy and regulatory diagnostic carried out in 2008 in Pakistan.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
The Enabling Environment for Mobile Banking in Africa
Investigates emerging models and trajectories of development in m-payments and m-banking in the African context based in part on the analysis of circumstances in Kenya and South Africa.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Mobile Banking: Implementation Choices
Basic criteria for whether and how to establish a mobile banking business.
- Mobile Money for the Unbanked
Banking & the Last Mile: Technology and the Agent Networks of financial services in developing countries
How is technology changing the last mile for banking? Will this happen spontaneously? Can developing countries leapfrog?
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